Geographical location
Ninh Hoa town is a coastal plain in the South Central Coast of Khanh Hoa province, located to the east of the North-South arc of Truong Son range on the coordinates of 12 0 20 '- 12 0 45' North and North degrees from 105 o 52 '- 109 o 20' degrees East. Ninh Hoa town to the East borders the East Sea; the West borders M'Drak district, Dak Lak province; Southwest borders Khanh Vinh district, Khanh Hoa province; Northwestern borders on Hinh river district, Phu Yen province; the south borders Dien Khanh district and Nha Trang city, Khanh Hoa province; Van Ninh district, Khanh Hoa province in the North. . The town center is 33 km north of Nha Trang city (along National Highway 1A).
Topographic characteristics
Ninh Hoa has a total natural land area of 119,777 ha, over 70% of which are mountainous forests, 0.44% of coastal sand dunes.
The plain here is a slightly round basin with three sides surrounded by mountains and a radius of about 15 km. The terrain is lower from West to East and from North to South. The center of the delta is relatively fertile.
Ninh Hoa town's terrain is divided by many high mountains, steep slopes and rugged passes. West of Highway 26 is Doc Dat Pass and Phuong Hoang Pass. On the South side on National Highway 1A, there are Ro Tuong and Rù Ri passes. In the North, there is Giong Thanh slope and Da Trang slope. In the east of the plain, there is Hon He mountain range running from the Northwest - Southeast, with three sides protruding into the sea to form a large peninsula (146 km 2 ) with many peaks over 700m.
Ninh Hoa coastline has many protrusions, bends, there are many estuaries and creeks deep in the mainland. The coast has wide tidal flats, which are convenient for export aquaculture and salt making.
Climate
Ninh Hoa is located in a sub-region of coastal plain, characterized by tropical monsoon climate and influenced by ocean climate, so the climate is relatively mild all year round, winter is not cold with The average annual temperature is 26.6 0 C, the average annual humidity is 70% -80%. The average annual rainfall is 1350 mm, the weather is not uniformly rainy, every year it rains heavily in October and November, often causing heavy floods but rarely storms. In the dry season, the South West wind blows strongly, causing severe droughts. Abundant light energy with 2,482 hours of sunshine in the year, the total average heat in 9,500 0 C.
System of rivers, streams and water sources
The system of rivers and streams in Ninh Hoa town is relatively thick, but unevenly distributed. In the high mountainous region, the density of river network is about 1 km / km 2 , and the coastal plain has a thinner density of 0.6 km / km 2 . With the divided terrain, the rivers are often short and steep, the flow between the rainy and dry seasons varies greatly. During the rainy season, large surface flow rates often cause floods. During the dry season, the water flow of rivers is low , many rivers and streams dry up quickly.
Ninh Hoa town has a main river system of 49 km long Cai river, divided into two major branches: Cai river in the south and Da Ban river in the north. The Cai River originates from Chu Ho Mu Mountain at an altitude of 2051 m, flows from the Northwest - Southeast and flows into Nha Phu Lagoon. Cai Ninh River has potentials for hydroelectricity like Eakrongrong. The upstream area has Da Ban and Suoi Trau water reservoirs.
Ninh Hoa town area has two main types of groundwater: groundwater exists in rivers and streams sediments, concentrated in the western and northwestern communes of the town and groundwater exists in sediments of sea, river and sea. , concentrated in the eastern and southeastern communes of the town.
Natural resources
Land resources: The whole town of Ninh Hoa has 8 soil groups and 18 soil types. In particular, the largest area of land is the red-yellow soil group with 74,651 ha, accounting for 72.28% of the total land area, suitable for use in forestry production or agro-forestry production and garden development. the forest. The alluvial soil has a large area of 7,281 hectares, accounting for 7.05% of the total area, favorable for agricultural production, capable of planting a variety of crops such as rice, vegetables, and short-term industrial crops.
Forest resources: According to 2005 statistics , the whole town has 51,521.96 ha of forest. In which, production forest is 22,341.95 ha, protective forest is 29,180.01 ha. Ninh Hoa forest has many forest products with high economic value such as rosewood, teal, incense, star fruit, almond ... especially agarwood, frankincense is precious aromatherapy, medicinal herbs. Forests are a source of water retention, providing irrigation water and ensuring environmental ecosystems for sustainable economic development for Ninh Hoa town.
Minerals: There are many kinds of granite in construction in Ninh Hoa town , clay to provide materials for brick factories and natural mineral water that can be exploited for bottling production.
Marine and coastal resources: Ninh Hoa coast has Nha Phu lagoon, many estuaries and large coastal coastal alluvial area, convenient for aquaculture and fishing, salt making and favorable for flooded forests. salinity development, significant in the balance of marine ecology and development of marine ecotourism.
Biological resources: Many marine species have high economic value such as mackerel, shrimp, squid, and shellfish. Along with brackish water creatures (red-goby, bream, snapper, snapper, eel) and freshwater creatures of Dinh river area have other economic value.
Tourism resources: Ninh Hoa town is home to many famous monuments and famous landscapes. According to statistics, up to now, Ninh Hoa town has 55 cultural and historical relics which have been ranked with the topography of the coast, rivers, mountains and forests together with similar climate. In moderation, Ninh Hoa town is famous for many beautiful landscapes such as: Ninh Phuoc eco-tourism area, Nha Phu Dam, Doc Let beach, Hon Khoi beach, Ba Ho tourist area, Truong Xuan hot spring. , Bay Ninh Thuong waterfall, Hon Heo peninsula ... Ninh Hoa is also an ideal destination for those who are passionate about food, like to enjoy rustic delicacies with typical flavors of the South Central region like bun Ninh Hoa fish, spring rolls Ninh Hoa, Ninh Hoa pancakes.
Traditional job
Ninh Hoa town with soil conditions, climate and terrain characteristics has long formed many long-standing traditional professions and has a source of goods sold inside and outside the province such as agricultural and aquatic products: dried fish, salt eat, fish sauce; handicrafts: rattan stools, mats, roads, bricks and tiles Ninh Hoa.
Rice fields here have brought a stable source of annual income for the farmers attached to the profession. The aquaculture and fishing industry also develops with kinds of seafood, shrimp, fish and squid of high economic value.
Traffic
Ninh Hoa central intersection
Ninh Hoa Town is located at the junction of National Road 1A and Highway 26 to Buon Ma Thuot, Dak Lak Province. The town center is 33 km from Nha Trang city, 27 km from Van Gia town, Van Ninh district and 164 km from Buon Ma Thuot. Ninh Hoa town is also a place with favorable transportation position in economic development exchange with North - South railway passing through and there are important seaports in the south of Van Phong bay, which are meaningful in service development. oil transshipment, general ports for goods and tourists transportation.
History
From the middle of the 17th century (in 1653), Lord Nguyen Phuc Tan established two prefectures: Dien Ninh and Thai Khang. Thai Khang district in the north has two districts: Tan Dinh and Quang Phuoc. Phu Duong is located on the north bank of Cai river in Phuoc Da village (now in Ninh Hiep ward, Ninh Hoa town).
In 1690, Thai Khang government changed to Binh Khang government. In 1744, the palace of Binh Khang was established to govern the two provinces of Binh Khang and Dien Khanh, the capital was located here. Since then, some places around the name of Dinh until today such as Dinh river, Dinh bridge, Dinh market.
From 1774-1792, Binh Khang Palace belonged to Tay Son Dynasty until 1803 (the second Gia Long year) was changed to Binh Hoa Palace (Binh Khang Government also changed to Binh Hoa Government). In 1831 (the 12th year of Minh Mang), the name Ninh Hoa was officially born from the conception of Binh Hoa government into Ninh Hoa government.
Tan Dinh district (now Ninh Hoa town) has a boundary from the Ri Ri pass to the Dinh river, Duong district is located on the south bank of the river (the area where Ninh Hoa Town People's Committee is located today), north of the river belongs to Quang district. Phuoc. Tan Dinh district at first had one department (equivalent to the total level) and a page. By the early 19th century (1810-1830), there were 3 villages and 68 villages.
Tong Than Thuong is located in the West and Southwest with 29 villages. General Hiep Trung is located in the center of 20 villages. General Is Ha is located to the southeast by the sea and extends from Do La wharf (present Ha Lien, Tan Te) to the village. Luong Son at the foot of the Ri Ri Pass has 19 villages.
In the years 1930-1931, after the completion of Highway 21 (now Highway 26) linking Khanh Hoa province with Ban Me Thuot region, the trade in Tan Dinh district became prosperous, adding the Hon Khoi area. famous salt production, boats in and out, the French colonial government annexed Tan Dinh district and the three cantons of the former Quang Phuoc district, managed by Ninh Hoa government, were Phuoc Khiem, Phuoc Hanoi and Phuoc Ha. On the outskirts of Ninh Hoa district, the rest of Quang Phuoc district is named Van Ninh district. Tan Dinh's name has since disappeared.
In 1955-1956, Saigon government annexed Phuoc Thien General and 5 Ede ethnic traffickers on both sides of Highway 21 to Ninh Hoa district.
In 1959, Ninh Hoa received another part of DakLak province, including 2 cantons (Krong-Ting and Krong-Hing), of which 5 communes and 30 ethnic minority villages were separated in 1961. After the combined periods of separation, until 1961, Phu Ninh Hoa had 7 provinces, 20 communes (one commune of ethnic minorities), 111 villages. After the first general election of the National Assembly of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam on January 6, 1946, our country set up a new communal administrative unit and removed the total level. But by the French occupation of Ninh Hoa on January 29, 1946, the establishment of the commune lasted until the delay of the Preliminary Agreement on March 6, 1946, which was completed in the whole province. By 1948, by Decree No. 148 / SL of March 25, 1948 of the President of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam, the nouns of prefectures, continents and counties were abolished; Units at the communal and lower levels are called district levels. In areas controlled by the enemy, Since 1949, the Saigon puppet government abolished the terms government and district replaced by the district name. In 1951, simultaneously with the construction of Da Ban resistance base, the two districts of Ninh Hoa and Van Ninh were united into Bac Khanh inter-district under Decree No. -2172 MN5, October 1951 of the Provisional Revolutionary Government. The Republic of South Vietnam, by March 1953, was again divided into four regions, each as a small district, headed by a Party cadre committee.
The Western region includes communes: Hoa Tri, Ninh Phuoc (former Phuoc Thien) Lien An and Ninh Hoa neighborhood.
The Southern region includes Hoa Dung and Hoa Liem communes.
The Eastern region includes Hoa Tin, Hoa Nhan, Hoa Nghia and Hoa Chinh communes.
The North is today's Van Ninh district.
After the Geneve Agreement (July 20, 1954), Ninh Hoa district reverted to the same administrative unit. In October 1961, Ninh Hoa was divided into two districts: Nam Ninh Hoa district (formerly the southern region), Bac Ninh Hoa district (including the Eastern and Western regions). At the end of 1962, Bac Ninh Hoa and Van Ninh districts established a joint leadership to lead the two districts. In August 1966, Van Ninh district was separated, and at the end of that year, Tay Ninh Hoa assigned Van Ninh to manage and manage until 1968. In the Year of Mau Than 1968, the two districts of Nam - Bac Ninh Hoa unified into a common district, 6 months later split into 2 districts, North and South.
During the anti-French and anti-American resistance wars, Ninh Hoa was an important revolutionary base area, and in 1994 was awarded the title Hero of the armed forces by the President in the anti-French and anti-American periods; in 1997 the State increased the second-class Labor Medal to the people and officials of Ninh Hoa district; in 2002 the State awarded the first-class labor medal; In 2007, Ninh Hoa district was awarded the emulation flag by the Government to successfully complete the tasks, leading the patriotic emulation movement. Vinh Phuoc Export Handicraft Cooperative in Ninh Hoa town was awarded the title of Labor Hero in the renovation period; In 2005, Ninh Hoa town was honored to receive the title of Hero of the People's Armed Forces.
After the liberation of the district on April 2, 1975, Ninh Hoa returned to the unified administrative unit, but shortly thereafter, in January 1976 Ninh Hoa and Van Ninh merged into Khanh Ninh district. On March 5, 1979, the Government Council issued Decision No. 85 / CP dividing Khanh Ninh district of Phu Khanh province into two districts named Ninh Hoa and Van Ninh districts.
The process of formation and development from Tan Dinh district to Ninh Hoa town is now more than 350 years. In the process, there were many changes in administrative geography, area and name, many times combined. But Ninh Hoa is always a land rich in values of human culture, rich in patriotic tradition and always a land of important strategic position, affecting the vast territory of Northern Nha Trang.
On October 25, 2010, the Government issued Resolution No. 41 / NQ-CP on establishing Ninh Hoa town and establishing wards of Ninh Hoa town, Khanh Hoa province. Accordingly, Ninh Hoa town has 119,777 ha of natural area and 235,098 people; There are 27 affiliated administrative units, including 07 wards: Ninh Hiep, Ninh Giang, Ninh Da, Ninh Ha, Ninh Diem, Ninh Thuy, Ninh Hai and 20 communes: Ninh Trung, Ninh Tay, Ninh Xuan, Ninh Than, Ninh Thuong, Ninh Dong, Ninh Son, Ninh Tho, Ninh Phung, Ninh Binh, Ninh Phuoc, Ninh Phu, Ninh Tan, Ninh Quang, Ninh Sim, Ninh An, Ninh Hung, Ninh Loc, Ninh Ich and Ninh Van.
To meet the new development requirements for the period of 2011 - 2015, Khanh Hoa Provincial Party Committee issued Resolution 01-NQ / TU of November 1, 2010 of the Provincial Party Committee and Decision No. 22/2011 / QD-UBND dated 05 / 9/2011 of Khanh Hoa Provincial People's Committee approving the Urban System Development Program of Khanh Hoa province in the period of 2011-2015, which includes the implementation of Decision 51/2005 / QD-TTg approving the planning. Van Phong economic zone is to gradually develop Ninh Hoa urban center and the southern region of Van Phong into a grade-III urban center by 2020.
With the efforts of the Government and people of Ninh Hoa town, the face of the city has changed dramatically, the role of a service center promoting development for the whole southern region of Van Phong. The urban area of Ninh Hoa town is also more clearly affirmed, the quality of technical infrastructure services as well as social infrastructure, people's lives have been significantly improved. Ninh Hoa urban area has been promoting the role of the center of the northern dynamic sub-region of Khanh Hoa province.
Residential
According to statistics in 2011, the whole town had 235,098 people, the population density was 196 people / km2. Ninh Hoa town has 17 ethnic groups, of which the Kinh group accounts for over 97% and 16 ethnic minorities, including: Raglai, Ede, Thai, Muong, Tay, Nung, Hoa, Khmer, Thanh, Cham, Bana, Tho, Churu, San Diu, Churô, Stieng with 1,286 households, 5,258 people, accounting for 2.1% of the total population of the town, of which the largest are ethnic Ede, Raglai and Hoa. Most of the ethnic minorities live in the two mountainous communes of Ninh Tay, Ninh Tan and other mountainous communes of the town, the rest live scattered in communes and wards in the town. Ethnic minorities in Ninh Hoa town mainly work in agriculture such as planting rice, sugarcane, noodles and some other crops.
Administration
Ninh Hoa town has 27 attached administrative units, including 07 wards: Ninh Hiep, Ninh Giang, Ninh Da, Ninh Ha, Ninh Diem, Ninh Thuy, Ninh Hai and 20 communes: Ninh Trung, Ninh Tay, Ninh Xuan , Ninh Than, Ninh Thuong, Ninh Dong, Ninh Son, Ninh Tho, Ninh Phung, Ninh Binh, Ninh Phuoc, Ninh Phu, Ninh Tan, Ninh Quang, Ninh Sim, Ninh An, Ninh Hung, Ninh Loc, Ninh Ich and Ninh Vân.